 Underground Cistern
One of the major problems in ancient cities was how to ensure a water supply during seige. Istanbul possessed a series of large cisterns which were constructed with this in mind. Some were open and others covered in. The latter were either square or rectangular in plan, and were roofed over with brick arches and vaults, supported on stone piers, the Yerebatan Sarmcý is one of the largest covered cistens of the era in IstanbuL. it is situated not far from the court of Haghia Sophia.
The district is named af ter it. In the Byzantine era, it was known as the "Basilica Cistern". First constructed during the reign of Constantine i (306-337), this underground cistern was restore d and extended by Justinian (527-565). it is 141 ms. in length and 73 ms. in width. There are twelve rows of columns supporting the superstructure, each with 28 columns, a total of 336 in alL. The columns are 8 ms. in height and are surmounted by composite capitaIs. The cistern was renowned for the coldness of the water. A street of houses abutting the waIIs of T opkapi Palace beside the prese nt Gülhane Park, whose houses were recently restored as tourist pensiondweIIings, .and whose water was obtained from the underground cistern was named af ter the cold water fountain there
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